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Arthur Joseph Goldberg (August 8, 1908January 19, 1990) was an American statesman and jurist who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations. ==Early life== Goldberg was born and raised on the West Side of Chicago, the youngest of eight children of Rebecca Perlstein and Joseph Goldberg, Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire. The maternal side of the family originally came from a shtetl called Zenkhov in Ukraine. The paternal side of the family, Goldberg-Flaumen, came from the Polish shtetl of Oświęcim (Auschwitz), later infamous as the site of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Goldberg's father, a produce peddler, died in 1916, forcing Goldberg's siblings to quit school and go to work to support the family. As the youngest child, Goldberg was allowed to continue school, graduating from high school at the age of 16. Goldberg's interest in the law was sparked by the noted murder trial in 1923 of Leopold and Loeb, two wealthy young Chicagoans who were spared the death penalty with the help of their high-powered defense attorney, Clarence Darrow. Goldberg later pointed to this case as inspiration for his opposition to the death penalty on the bench, since he had seen how inequality of social status could lead to unfair application of the death penalty. After graduating from Carter Harrison Technical High School at age 16,〔(Chicago Carter Harrison Technical High School "Hornets" – Illinois High Scnool Glory Days. )〕 he attended Crane Junior College and DePaul University. He began his legal studies in 1926 at the Northwestern University School of Law where he was the editor-in-chief of the ''Illinois Law Review'' (now known as the ''Northwestern University Law Review''). He received a Bachelor of Science in Law, magna cum laude after finishing at the top of his class in 1929 and a Doctor of Juridical Science, summa cum laude one year later in 1930.〔(Arthur J. Goldberg: Biographical Note – Pritzker Legal Research Center (Northwestern University). )〕〔(Pace, Eric. "Arthur J. Goldberg Dies at 81; Ex-Justice and Envoy to U.N.," ''The New York Times'', Saturday, January 20, 1990. )〕 He taught at John Marshall Law School in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s before becoming a U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice and then the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1931, Goldberg married Dorothy Kargans. They had one daughter, Barbara Goldberg Cramer, and one son, Robert M. Goldberg (an attorney in Anchorage, Alaska). He was the uncle of Barry Goldberg. During World War II, Goldberg served in an espionage group operated by the Office of Strategic Services, the precursor to the CIA.〔(Edward B. Shils, "Arthur Goldberg: Proof of the American Dream" ) ''Monthly Labor Review'', January 1997〕 The Jewish Telegraphic Agency stated that: "Goldberg's file notes that as both a civilian and a member of the Army, he supervised a section in the Secret Intelligence Branch of OSS to maintain contact with labor groups and organizations regarded as potential resistance elements in enemy-occupied and enemy countries. He organized anti-Nazi European transportation workers into an extensive intelligence network."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=JTA - Jewish & Israel News | Jewish Telegraphic Agency )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Goldberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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